a) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được:

X/3 = y/4 = x/3 + y/4 = 28/7 = 4

=> x = 4 × 3 = 12

=> y = 4 × 4 = 16

Vậy x = 12, y = 16

B) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được:

X/2 = y/(-5) = x/2 - y/(-5) = (-7)/7 = -1

=> x = -1 × 2 = -2

=> y = -1 × -5 = 5

Vậy x = -2, y = 5

C) làm tương tự như bài a, b

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\text{⇒}\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{4}\text{⇒}\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

⇒\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{10-15+12}=\dfrac{-21}{-3}=7\)

⇒x=70;y=105;z=84

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)⇒\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{2y^2}{18}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{2y^2}{18}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}=\dfrac{x^2-2y^2+z^2}{4-18+25}=\dfrac{44}{11}=4\)

⇒x=8;y=12;z=20

a) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{4-9}=\dfrac{-16}{-5}=\dfrac{16}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=4.\dfrac{16}{5}\\y^2=9.\dfrac{16}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\left(2.\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[]{5}}\right)=\pm\dfrac{8\sqrt[]{5}}{5}\\y=\pm\left(3.\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[]{5}}\right)=\pm\dfrac{12\sqrt[]{5}}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{5}{4}y=\dfrac{5}{4}.\left(\pm\dfrac{12\sqrt[]{5}}{5}\right)=\pm3\sqrt[]{5}\)

b) \(\left|2x+3\right|=x+2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+3=x+2\\2x+3=-x-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\3x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\3x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đính chính

Dòng cuối \(3x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\rightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\)

a.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=3k\\z=4k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(2x+y-z=81\)

\(\Rightarrow2.5k+3k-4k=81\)

\(\Rightarrow9k=81\)

\(\Rightarrow k=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k=45\\y=3k=27\\z=4k=36\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{2}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k\\y=5k\\z=2k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(5x-y+3z=124\)

\(\Rightarrow5.3k-5k+3.2k=124\)

\(\Rightarrow16k=124\)

\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{31}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k=\dfrac{93}{4}\\y=5k=\dfrac{155}{4}\\z=2k=\dfrac{31}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k\\y=3k\\z=5k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(xyz=810\)

\(\Rightarrow2k.3k.5k=810\)

\(\Rightarrow k^3=27\)

\(\Rightarrow k=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k=6\\y=3k=9\\z=5k=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

d.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{6}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k\\y=3k\\z=6k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(x^2y^2z^2=288^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2k\right)^2.\left(3k\right)^2.\left(6k\right)^2=288^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(k^2\right)^3=64\)

\(\Rightarrow k^2=4\)

\(\Rightarrow k=\pm2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k=4\\y=3k=6\\z=6k=12\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k=-4\\y=3k=-6\\z=6k=-12\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{8+12-15}=\dfrac{10}{5}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2.8=16\\y=2.12=24\\z=2.15=30\end{matrix}\right.\)

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